Wasaqalu script and phonetics

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1.1. Script

Transcription Phonetic   Value
f f f english f in fairy
v β B spanish b in haber
mp mp mp english mp in impress
mb mb mb english mb in embassy
m m m english m in me
a a a french a in patte
â ɒ Q english â in wash
s s s english s in see
z ð D english th in then
nt nt nt english nt in entire
nd nd nd english nd in end
n n n english n in near
l l l english l in lean
r r r italian r in re
x ʃ S english sh in she
y j j english y in yes
nc ntʃ ntS english nch in inch
nj ndʒ ndZ english nj in enjoy
ñ ɲ J spanish ñ in niño
i i i italian i in città
e ɛ E french è in mère
h ħ X/ arabic ħ in ħass
w w w english w in will
ng ng ng italian ng in angolo
q ŋ N english ng in sing
u u u italian u in tu
o ɔ O french o in mot



1.2. Phonetics

1.2.1. Consonants

  Bi-lab. Lab. Dent. Alv. Post.Al. Pal. Vel. Phar.
Fricatives     f f     s s x ʃ         h ħ
  v β     z ð                    
Nasal stops mp mp         nt nt nc ntʃ            
  mb mb         nd nd nj ndʒ     ng ng    
Nasals m m         n n     ñ ɲ q ŋ    
Rolled             r r                
Laterals             l l                
Approximants                     y j w w    



1.2.2. Vowels

  Front Back
Closed i i u u
Mid-closed e ɛ o ɔ
Open a a â ɒ



1.3. Stress
The stress falls regularly on the second-to-last syllable of the root : that is to say that in inflected words it can fall on the penultimate, antepenultimate syllable, or worse!

vuya vuya-mba vunduya undalu andalunu andaluñunu
[β’uja] [β’ujamba] [βund’uja] [und’alu] [und’alunu] [und’aluɲunu]
the house the houses in the houses I see I see him I shall see him



2. Nouns
3. Pronouns and adverbs
4. Numerals
5. Verbs
6. Syntax

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