Wasaqalu Verbs syntax
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Note: There's no particular distinction between tenses and moods in Wasa; for example, there's no imperative perfect or unreal future. Hence, though it's not grammatically correct, we'll call each category a tense.
6.4.1. Imperfect
Imperfect is the tense of unaccomplished, unachieved actions or states. It is used for actions taking place at one point, be it in the present time or in the past:
nantun manja nequva
man his-spouse her-loves-he
The man loves his wife
xu harânjâ soyâqa
sun in-sky it-shines
The sun shines in the sky
nungu anaya
king he-dies
The king is dying
nempenju sonteyunu
this-book it-read-I
I'm reading this book
6.4.2. Perfect
Perfect is the tense of accomplished, achieved actions or states. It is used for actions that have been done at one point, be it in the present time or in the past:
nantun manja nequnuva
man his-spouse her-loved-he
The man has loved his wife
xu harânja soyañaqa
sun in-sky it-shined
The sun has shined in the sky
nungu anandaya
king he-died
The king is dead
nempunju sonteneyunu
this-book it-read-I
I've read this book
6.4.3. Future
Future is the tense of actions or states that do not exist yet but will be for sure or are going to:
nantun manja nequmaña
man his-spouse her-will love-he
The man will love his wife
xu harânja soyangaña
sun in-sky it-will shine
The sun will shine in the sky
nungu anayaña
king he-will die
The king is going to die
nempunju sonteyuñu
this-book it-will read-I
I'm going to read this book
vândalunu muya umbuñu
you-see-I when I-shall come
I'll see you when I come
fâra usumbuñu nal umbuñu
if I-shall can then I-shall come
I'll come if I can
6.4.4. Unreal
Unreal is the tense of uncertain actions or states; it is used to express doubt or wishes:
nerunda soqoña
weather it-be good
The weather might be fine
nungu anâya
the kind he-die
The king might die (as far as I know)
nempunju sontâyuna
this-book it-read-I
I'll (maybe) read this book
untunrangu vâmbona
I-wish you-come
I wish you come
unjanu ambona
I-thought he-come
I thought he would come
fâra usomba nal umbona
if I-could then I-come
If I could, I'd come
vâmbona!
come
May you come!
unorza!
I-be-rich
May I be rich! If only I'd be rich!
nandona!
be-happy
May you be happy!
6.4.5. Consecutive
Consecutive is the tense of the actions or states taking place immediatly before the action or state of the next verb; it is used in statements of consecutive actions.
yala anâmpa xu soyâqa
rain it-has-come sun it-shines
After it rained, the sun is (now) shining
nayon meyu nenântala nequnuvusa
man woman her-has-seen her-loved-he
When he had seen the woman, the man loved her
nungu anânaya faleq sundelaña
king he-has-died people it-will-be-sad
When the king will die, the people will be sad
nempunju sonânteyuna sanco sonteyuñu
this-book it-have-read-I another it-will-read-I
When I'll have finish this book, I'll read another
anântifexa wavañ anâmpa sonâlambusa vavâhuya namba
he-has-stood-up to-door he-has-gone it-has-opened-he out-of-house he-goes
He stands up, goes to the door, opens it and goes out of the house / He stood up, went to the door…
6.4.6. Imperative
Imperative is the tense of commands and advices:
nalu!
look, see
Look!
waña solambu!
door it-open
Open the door!
anumalu!
it-to-me-give
Give it to me!
muya vâmpunjañu nâ munu!
when you-will-finish then come
Come, when you've finished!
Negative imperative is formed with the conjunction mu placed before the verb. It is used for bannings, warnings or negative advices:
mu nalu!
don't look
Don't look!
waña mu solambu!
door don't it-open
Do not open the door!
mu somuru!
don't it loose
Don't loose it!
muya vâwampunju mu munu!
when you-don't-finish don't come
Don't come untill you've finished!
6.4.7. Infinitive
Infinitive indicates the goal/aim/purpose of doing (or being) something:
nempunju seyâm sondanaxunu
this-book to-read it-bought-I
I bought this book to read it
saxu sompayana nungu wuqâm
poison it-makes-he king to-kill
He makes poison to kill the king
mumuru soqezana ravumbu munâm
which-way it-asks-he to-city to-go
He asks (what's) the way to go to the city
newenu nunja sarumbâm
much he-eat to-be-strong
He eats a lot to be strong
namumba anandu lantâm
he-came his-father to-help
He has come to help his father
nenondoncana nâyântu untâm
her-married-he her-money to-get
He married her for/to get her money
6.4.8. Participles
Participles are actually adjectives.
They're incorporated in the name they qualify, after the class marker:
| xembâm | naxembayo |
| to be beautiful | a beautiful man |
| quvâm | maquvanja |
| to love | a loving wife |
| zurâm | fazurali |
| to be kind | a kind dog |
| rurâm | varuruya |
| to be red | a red house |
One word can have more than one qualifier, main coming first. To avoid too much long words, conjugated form may be used:
ferâm
to be green
varur-amperuya
a house red and green
varuruya s'ampera
(a red house and it's green)
langâm
to be tall
a beautiful tall man
naxemb-alangayo
naxembayo s'alanga
(a tall man and he's beautiful)
sâranjâm, layalâm
to be wild, to be wide
nasâranj-alayalalna
a wild wide country
nasâranjalna s'alayala
(a wild country and it's wide)
yampunâm
to be empty, uninhabited
nayampun-asâranj-alayalalna
an empty wild wide country
nasâranj-alayalalna s'ayampuna
(a w.w. country and it's empty)
Note that to express the english (passive) past participle, you must use a conjugated form:
fâzâm
to burn, be on fire
vafâzuya
a burning house
afamâza vuya
a burnt house (that has burnt)
yanjâm
to grow (up)
nayanja
a growing up son
ayañanja na
a grown-up son
sâvâm
to be written
nasâvenju
a book being written
antanâva nenju
a written book
1. Script and phonetics
2. Nouns
3. Pronouns and adverbs
4. Numerals
5. Verbs
6. Syntax
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