Tatar alphabet

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Alphabet - Әlifba


Yaŋalif-2
 Cyrillic
IPA value
Approx.sounds and Comments
Examples with Translation and Accent
A a A a o all baş - баш – head –Kopf - tête – testa - голова
Ә ә Ә ә æ man tәn - тән – body – Körper – corps – corpo - тело
B b Б б b bat bar’maq - бар’мак – finger – doigt - dito - палец
C с Җ җ ʒ garage, Russian дрожжи can - җан – soul – Seele - âme – anima - душа
Ç ç Ч ч [щ] ʃʲ fresh cheese, Russian щука çi’lәk - чи’ләк – bucket – Eimer - seau - secchia - ведро
D d Д д d Italian dialetto, German diese dan - дaн – glory – Ruhm – gloire - gloria - слава
din - дин – religion - Religion - religione - религия
E e E e ɛ
  • soft and closed middle vowel
English system
 tel - тел – language, tongue - Zunge, Sprache - langue - lingua – язык

eş - эш – work – Arbeit – travail – lavoro - работа

F f Ф ф f fine fәn - фән – science - Wissenschaft – science - scienza - наука
G g Г г g again gel [gɛλ] - гел – always –immer - toujours – sempre - всегда
Ğ ğ Г г gh, ʁ Arabian غ ghayn, Georgian ღ ğә’rәp - гә’рәп – Arabian – Arabe - араб(ский)
H h Һ h h hand hәy’kәl - hәй’кәл – monument – Denkmal – monumento - памятник
İ I И и ı meet is - иc - smell - Geruch - odeur - odore - запах
I ı Ы ы ә
  • unlike English it is a stressed vowel:

Harold

Russian комнaтный		 ın’dır [әn'dәr] - ын’дыр


qır - кыp - field - Feld - champ - campo - поле
J j Ж ж Ʒ genre, French Jean, Russian жур’нал jurnal - жур’нал - magazine – Zeitschrift - revue - rivista
K k К к k
  • before soft vowels: ә, e, i, ө, ü - cat, kitten
ki’tap - ки’тап - book – Buch - livre – libro - книга
L l Л л l
  • before and after hard vowels: a, o, u - lock
ma’lay - ма’лай - boy – Junge – garcon – ragazzo - мальчик
Л л λ
  • before and after soft vowels: ә, e, i, ө, ü:
French million, German einmal, Russian ль: пальчик		 il [ıλ]- ил – country – Land - pays - paese - страна


küläm - күләм - capacity, volume – Umfang - volume - объем
M m М м m mother min -мин - I – ich – je – io - я
N n Н н n
  • before and after hard vowels: a, o, u : name, Italian nulla
  • before and after soft vowels: ә, e, i, ө, ü : German nimm
naz’lı -нaз’лы - tender - zärtlich - doux - carezzevole - ласковый


ni’gә - ни’гә - why? – Warum? – pourqoui? – perché? – зачем?
Ŋ ŋ Ң ң ŋ among taŋ - таң - dawn, daybreak – Morgenrot – aube - aurora, alba - заря
O o O o o French tôt, cadeaux; English approx. taught qo’ş - кош - bird – Vogel – oiseau - uccello - птица
Ө ө Ө ө ø
  • a bit like in French Dieu but shorter
tөn - төн - night - Nacht - nuit - notte - ночь
P p П п p pond tap – тап – spot – Fleck - tache – macchia - пятно
Q q К к q’
  • before hard vowels: a, o, u:

Arabian غ qāf

Bashkirian Қ қ 		aq - ак - white – weiβ – blanc – bianco - белый
R r P p r Italian carota qar - каp - snow - Schnee - neige - neve - снег
S s C c s sorrow sin - cин - you - du - toi - tu - ты
Ş ş Ш ш ʃ shop taş - таш - stone - Stein - pierre - pietra - камень
T t Т т t Italian tavola at - aт - horse - Pferd - cheval - cavallo - лошадь
U u У у u tool uram - урам - street - Straße - rue - via - улица
Ü ü Ү ү ү German Bücher, System kük - күк – sky – Himmel – ciel – cielo - небо
V v В в v victory
  • only in loan words, i.e. from Russian:
vraç - врач – doctor – Arzt – médecin - medico


vokzal - вокзал -/railway station – Bahnhof – gare - stazione
W w В в w window a’wıl - а’выл - village – Land - campagne - villaggio - деревня

waq’ıt - вакыт - time – Zeit – temps – tempo - время

X x X x x German noch, Russian xорошо xat -xат - letter – Brief – letter – lettera - письмо
Y y Й й j your yul - юл - road - Weg - chemin - strada – дорога

yış - еш – often – oft - souvent – spesso - часто
ay - aй – Moon – Mond - lune – luna – луна

Z z З з z zero zur - зур - big - groß - grand - grande - большой
hәmzә ’ Э э z
  • ”hamza” is a sound found in Arabic loanwords
Arabian ‮همزة
tә ‘ min - тәэмин – to provide - versorgen - approvisionner - approvvigionare - снабжать

Short introduction to the Tatar alphabet. Why is it written both in Latin and Cyrillic letters?
Our language had used Arabic letters before approximately 1927. Then it started using Latin graphics till ~ 1939 when it switched to Cyrillic which is still on. This transformation cut the Tatars living in other parts of the Earth from those who lived in Russia.
Now the aim of progressive Tatars is to rejoin and make our alphabet understandable for our compatriots who live abroad.
There were suggested several variants of the Latin graphics – janalif, yanalif (1,2), inalif (1,2), azatlyq, zamanalif, but the government has not yet come to any appropriate decision.

Tatar әlifbasına qısqa kereş süz. Nigә ul latin hәm şul uq waqıtta kirillik xәreflәr belәn yazıla? Bezneŋ tel 1922 yılğa hәtle ğәrәp grafikasında yөrde, annarı Latinğa küçte. 1937nçe yıllarda isә anı kirillitsağa küçerdelәr hәm ul әle dә şul xәldә. Xәzerge waqıtta berniçә Latin variantı yөri:

Min monda “yanalif-2”ne kürsәttem. Bөten variantlarnı bu adrestan qarıy alasız

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