Mongolian Nouns

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Contents 1 Cases 1.1 Nominative Case 1.2 Genitive Case 1.3 Accusative Case

Cases

• Nominative
• Genitive
• Dative-Locative
• Accusative
• Ablative
• Instrumental
• Comitative

Nominative Case

There is no suffix for the nominative case. It is considered the default, stem form of the word. Like in most languages with morphological case, the nominative represents the subject of both transitive and intransitive verbs.

Genitive Case

These suffixes are used for the genitive case:

• -н after diphthong-final or ий-final stems.
• -ын after short-vowel-final (except ь or и, all dropped before suffix) stem with back vowels or afer any consonant-final (except н, г, ш, or ч) stem with back vowels.
• -ийн after short-vowel-final stems with front vowels (dropped before suffix) with front vowels or consonant-final (except н) stem with front vowels, or after a stem ending in ь, и, г, ж, ш, or ч with back vowels.
• -гийн after a stem ending in a long vowel.
• -ы after a н-final stem with back vowels.
• -ий after a н-final stem with front vowels.
  
  

This case represents possession.

Accusative Case

To form the accusative case, attach the following suffixes:

• -г after stems ending in a long vowel or a diphthong.
• -ыг after a stem with back vowels ending in a short vowel or any consonant except -г.
• -ийр after words ending in г, ь, or и (the latter two of which are dropped when the suffix is added) and all words with front vowels not ending in a long vowel or diphthong.
  
  

This case represents the direct object of a transitive verb. The suffix can be left out if the object is unstressed or indefinite.

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