Irish orthography: Consonants

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Table of Forms

B
Graph (form)	Type	Sound	Notes
b	Broad Slender	b b'	Broad, like b in booth; Slender, like b in beauty.
bh (L)	Broad Slender	v/w v'	Broad, like w in was; Slender, like v in view.
mb (E)	Broad Slender	m m'	Broad, like m in moot; Slender, like b in mute.
C
Graph (form)	Type	Sound	Notes
c	Broad Slender	k k'	Broad, like c in cooth; Slender, like b in cute. Note that c is always a hard /k/ sound, and never a soft /s/ sound.
ch (L)	Broad Slender	x ç	(No English equivalent) Broad, like ch in German Bach; Slender, like g in German saftig.
gc (E)	Broad Slender	g g'	Broad, like g in goo; Slender, like g in argue. Note that gc is always a hard /g/ sound, and never a soft /d3/ sound.
D
Graph (form)	Type	Sound	Notes
d	Broad Slender	d d'	Broad, like d in doom; Slender, like d in Br. Eng. duty or Am. Eng. j in juice.
dh (L)	Broad Slender	γ j	(No English equivalent) Broad, like g in Dutch goed; Slender, like y English yes.
nd (E)	Broad Slender	n n'	Broad, like n in neat; Slender, like ny in canyon.
F
Graph (form)	Type	Sound	Notes
f	Broad Slender	f f'	Broad, like f in far; Slender, like f in few.
fh (L)	Broad or Slender	"silent"	In Irish, fh is not pronounced.
bhf (E)	Broad Slender	v/w v'	Broad, like w in was; Slender, like v in view.
G
Graph (form)	Type	Sound	Notes
g	Broad Slender	g g'	Broad, like g in goo; Slender, like g in argue. Note that g is always a hard /g/ sound, and never a soft /d3/ sound.
gh (L)	Broad Slender	γ j	(No English equivalent) Broad, like g in Dutch goed; Slender, like y English yes. Note that dh and gh are pronounced identically.
ng (E)	Broad Slender	N N'	Broad, like ng in singer; Slender, like ng in "sing your song".
H
Graph (form)	Type	Sound	Notes
h	Broad Slender	h h'	Broad, like h in how; Slender, like h in humid. There are no lenited or eclipsed forms.
L
Graph (form)	Type	Sound	Notes
l	Broad Slender	L l'	Broad, like ll in call; Slender, like l in leaf. There are no lenited or ecliped forms.
M
Graph (form)	Type	Sound	Notes
m	Broad Slender	m m'	Broad, like m in moot; Slender, like m in mute. There are no eclipsed forms.
mh (L)	Broad Slender	v/w v'	Broad, like w in was; Slender, like v in view. Note that bh, bhf and mh are pronounced identically.
N
Graph (form)	Type	Sound	Notes
n	Broad Slender	n n'	Broad, like n in neat; Slender, like ny in canyon. There are no lenited or eclipsed forms.
P
Graph (form)	Type	Sound	Notes
p	Broad Slender	p p'	Broad, like p in paw; Slender, like p in pew.
ph (L)	Broad Slender	f f'	Broad, like f in far; Slender, like f in few.
bp (E)	Broad Slender	b b'	Broad, like b in booth; Slender, like b in beauty.
R
Graph (form)	Type	Sound	Notes
r	Broad Slender	r r'	(No English equivalent) Broad, like rr in Spanish perro; Slender, like rr in Spanish currió. There are no lenited or ecliped forms.
S
Graph (form)	Type	Sound	Notes
s	Broad Slender	s ∫	Broad, like s in sip; Slender, like sh in ship. There are no eclipsed forms.
sh (L)	Broad Slender	h ç	Broad, like h in how; Slender, like g in German saftig.
T
Graph (form)	Type	Sound	Notes
t	Broad Slender	t t'/t∫	Broad, like t in tomb; Slender, like t in Br. Eng. tune or Am. Eng. ch in church.
th (L)	Broad Slender	h h'	Broad, like h in how; Slender, like h in humid.
dt (E)	Broad Slender	d d'	Broad, like d in doom; Slender, like d in Br. Eng. duty or Am. Eng. j in juice.

Summary

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Base	Lenited Form	Eclipsed Form
b	bh	mb
c	ch	gc
d	dh	nd
f	fh	bhf
g	gh	ng
m	mh	--
p	ph	bp
s	sh	--
t	th	dt