Halënah Verbs
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In Halënah verbs, tense, person, number and negation are marked by affixes. There is no distinction of aspect and gender in Halënah verbs.
Infinitives are formed with a suffix, mën, after the verb's root. Ex:
- Jarimën - to play
- Kalmën - to speak
- Lihmën - to think
- Gatmën - to walk
Person marks are added to end of the root:
- Kalminë - I speak
- Kalqinë - You speak
- Kalma - He/she/it speaks
- Kalmaz - We speak
- Kalqaz - You speak
- Kalman - They speak
- Kalsinë - You speak (formal)
You can form the past tense by adding the inffix "et" /ət/ between the root and the person mark:
- Kaletminë - I spoke
- Kaletqinë - You spoke
- Kaletma - He/she/it spoke
- Kaletmaz - We spoke
- Kaletqaz - You spoke
- Kaletman - They spoke
- Kaletsinë - You (formal) spoke
Negation is made by adding the suffix "m" /m/ (or "am", for pronunciation's sake) after the person mark for present tense:
- Kalminëm - I don't speak
- Kalqinëm - you don't speak
- Kalmam - He/she/it doesn't speak
- Kalmazam - We don't speak
- Kalqazam - You don't speak
- Kalmanam - They don't speak
- Kalsinëm - You (formal) don't speak
And by adding "met" [mət] between the root and the person mark for past tense:
- Kalmetminë - I didn't speak
- Kalmetqinë - You didn't speak
- Kalmetma - He/she/it didn't speak
- Kalmetmaz - We didn't speak
- Kalmetqaz - You didn't speak
- Kalmetman - They didn't speak
- Kalmetsinë - You (formal) didn't speak
Things work differently in the future tense however. Instead of a suffix, we have a prefix, "u" /ʊ/, which is added before the root:
- Ukalminë - I'll speak
- Ukalqinë - You'll speak
- Ukalma - He/she/it'll speak
- Ukalmaz - We'll speak
- Ukalqaz - You'll speak
- Ukalman - They'll speak
- Ukalsinë - You (formal)'ll speak
And future negation is built the same way as in the present one:
- Ukalminëm - I won't speak
- Ukalqinëm - You won't speak
- Ukalmam - He/she/it won't speak
- Ukalmazam - We won't speak
- Ukalqazam - You won't speak
- Ukalmanam - They won't speak
- Ukalsinëm - You (formal) won't speak
The future perfect is built using the the same preffix for the future (u) along with the inffix "et" for past:
- Ukaletminë - I'll have spoken
- UKaletqinë - You'll have spoken
- Ukaletma - He/she/it'll have spoken
- Ukaletmaz - We'll have spoken
- Ukaletqaz - You'll have spoken
- Ukaletman - They'll have spoken
- Ukaletsinë - You (formal)'ll have spoken
And for future perfect negation:
- Ukaletminëm - I won't have spoken
- Ukaletqinëm - You won't have spoken
- Ukaletmam - He/she/it won't have spoken
- Ukaletmazam - We won't have spoken
- Ukaletqazam - You won't have spoken
- Ukaletmanam - They won't have spoken
- Ukaletsinëm - You (formal) won't have spoken
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