Greadian: Prepositions ян, єн, йн, өн, апы, епи, ипы, опы
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About the prepositions
These prepositions are also called short prepositions as they are all monosyllablic. They are also the most common and used often in expressions. They translate in many different ways in other languages. I still doubt these would be hard to learn, except some certain expressions. Also, some verbs require some of these prepositions.
The Н-prepositions
All these prepositions require always the prepositional case!
Ян
This preposition is representing only position. Do not confuse this with the prefix ан! Ян represents position on top of something and location literally on top of a certain place.
This preposition is usually equivalent to English prepositions 'on', 'on top of', 'onto'.
- Ян тряпезан 'on (the) table' (You simply have something on the table, like keys for example)
- Ян Һєлсіңки 'on Helsinki' (You are as big as the city Helsinki itself and you are sitting on it. No, don't use this expression...)
- Ян һо гөрос Еверєстос 'On the Mount Everest' (You have just climbed on it and reached the top of the Mountain)
Йн
This preposition has many different uses and is one of the most common prepositions in Greadian. It also occurs both with short [i] and long [i:] depending on the vowel lenght on the vowels around the preposition.
This preposition is usually equivalent to English prepositions 'in', 'inside of', 'into'.
Positional use
This preposition represents position inside something or being in a certain place. Let's see some examples:
- (Сан страдяна) йн екклйсіан '(She works) in church'
- (Гон хасвяне
- (Ећы щяме) йн Гялліа '(I am) in France'
- (Се псясе) йн Стоккөлма '(You live) in Stockholm'
- If the location is a country, city, town, anything that has a proper name, the noun after the preposition has no prepositional case. In spoken Greadian they may add the [n] (prepositional case suffix) there, but grammatically it is incorrect.
- (Имяс гіярместе) йн о/һо ңярос '(We wander) in [a] forest'
- When there is ң [ipa: ŋ] in the beginning of a word after a preposition ending to the phoneme [n], there is always an article in between. The reason is that the two phonemes can't assimilate and they must be pronounced separated.
