Dalecarlian weakly conjugated masculine nouns
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Generic Declension Pattern
The strong masculine nouns generically follow the following declension pattern:
| Indef Sing | Def Sing | Indef Plur | Def Plur | |
| Nom | stem + i | stem + i + n | stem + er | stem + a + ñer |
| Ack | stem + a | stem + a + n | stem + a | stem + a + ña |
| Dat | stem + a | stem + a + ñum | stem + um | stem + um + iñ |
| Gen | stem + a + s | stem + a + ñum + is | stem + um + is | stem + um + i + s |
Note here that every declination of the weak masculine form generically has a special ending.
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Type A - Generic Pattern
'flower' Indef Sing Def Sing Indef Plur Def Plur Nom bljommi bljommin bljommer bljommañer Ack bljomma bljomman bljomma bljommaña Dat bljomma bljommañum bljommum bljommumiñ Gen bljommas bljommañumis bljommumis bljommumis
Examples of nouns declined like bljommi:
- slungi [l0luN`ge] ('male cousine'),
- skuggi [sku`gge] ('shadow'),
- bákki [bo`kke] ('slope, hillside'),
- díki [daI:`ke] ('small bog'),
- lími ('broom'),
- tuppi ('cock'),
- stabbi ('stump'),
- rakki [rA`kke] ('dog'),
- stjóki [stIUO:`ke] ('stalk').
Note here that g and k are not softened into [tS] before -i in the indef. nom. declination for most weak masculine nouns with long stem, but that in the def. nom. declination they are softened. Examples: skuggin [sku`dZIn], stjókin [stIUO:`tSIn].
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Type B - Apocopated Generic Pattern
'school' Indef Sing Def Sing Indef Plur Def Plur Nom skúli skúln skúler skúlañer Ack skúla skúlan skúla skúlaña Dat skúla skúlañum skúlum skúlumiñ Gen skúlas skúlañumis skúlumis skúlumis
Examples of nouns declined like skúli:
- gálli [goll`e] ('bile'),
- hjenni ('brain'),
- tjenni ('pond'),
- tulli ('tree top'),
- brindi ('elk'),
- andi ('breath'),
- órri ('black grouse (Lyrurus tetrix)'),
- dýi [d9:`e] ('mud'),
- harri ('grayling (Thymallus)'),
- endi ('end'),
- fjalsi [fIA:`l\se] ('police officer').
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Type C - Short Stem
'tatterdemalion,
ragamuffin'Indef Sing Def Sing Indef Plur Def Plur Nom tvasi tvasin tvasir tvasiñer Ack tvåså tvåsån tvåså tvåsåña Dat tvåså tvåsåñum tvasum tvasumiñ Gen tvåsås tvåsåñumis tvasumis tvasumis
Examples of nouns declined like tvasi:
- rviði ('lever'),
- kyti ('bark knife'),
- dvoli ('lethargy, torpor, hibernation'),
- mósi ('bog'),
- kufi ('bedroom'),
- striki ('waterfall, rapids'),
- skjari ('shrew'),
- stiki ('ladder'),
- frusi ('shivering'),
- heri ('hare'),
- spjati ('collar wing, corner, tip'),
- vasi ('beam'),
- kraki ('wretch'),
- spóri ('spur'),
- flaki ('flake'),
- floti ('raft'),
- slapi ('someone who disseminates gossip').
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Type D - Phonetically "Difficult" Stem Endings
'knuckle' Indef Sing Def Sing Indef Plur Def Plur Nom knjókli [knIUO`kEl\] knjóklin [knIUO`kEl\n`] knjókler knjóklañer Ack knjókla [knIUO`kEl\] knjóklan [knIUO`kEl\n`] knjókla [knIUO`kEl\] knjóklaña Dat knjókla [knIUO`kEl\] knjóklañum knjóklum knjóklumiñ Gen knjóklas [knIUO`kEl\s] knjóklañumis knjóklumis knjóklumis
Examples of nouns declined like knjókel:
- nafli ('navel'),
- stugni [stuN`En] ('stump'),
- andri ('short right ski'),
- hagri ('oats'),
- humbli ('hops'),
- sajli ('bill, [bank-]note'),
- stingtli [stINl0] ('thistle').
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Type E - Multisyllabic Stem
'cellar' Indef Sing Def Sing Indef Plur Def Plur Nom kjaller kjallern kjallerer kjallerañer Ack kjaller kjallern kjaller kjalleraña Dat kjaller kjallerañum kjallerum kjallerumiñ Gen kjalleris kjallerañumis kjallerumis kjallerumis
Examples of nouns declined like kjaller:
- bager ('cup'),
- dukter ('doktor, physician'),
- kólar ('coaler'),
- mjølner ('miller'),
- skradder ('tailor'),
- skómakar ('shoemaker'),
- hófslagar ('horse-shoer'),
- meister ('master, champion').
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Type F - Miscellaneous
'farmer, peasant' Indef Sing Def Sing Indef Plur Def Plur Nom bóndi bóndin bǿndrr bǿndrañer Ack bónda bóndan bǿndr bǿndraña Dat bónda bóndañum bǿndrum bǿndrumiñ Gen bóndas bóndañumis bǿndrumis bǿndrumis
