Dalecarlian weakly conjugated feminine nouns

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Generic Declension Pattern I

The weak feminine nouns with ending -a generically follow the following declension pattern:

Indef Sing Def Sing Indef Plur Def Plur
Nom stem + a stem + a + ñ stem + ur stem + u + ñer
Ack stem + u stem + u + ña stem + ur stem + u + ñer
Dat stem + u stem + u + ni stem + um stem + um+
Gen stem + u + s stem + u + ni+s stem + um + is stem + um + i + s


There is also a (frozen) genitive -ur. Example: et messur ('to [the] mass').

Generic Declension Pattern II

The strong feminine nouns with ending -i generically follow the following declension pattern: <p>

Indef Sing Def Sing Indef Plur Def Plur
Nom stem + i stem + i + ñ stem + er stem + a + ñer
Ack stem + i stem + i + ña stem + er stem + a + ñer
Dat stem + i stem + i + ni stem + um stem + um+
Gen stem + i + s stem + i + ni+s stem + um + is stem + um + i + s


There is also a (frozen) genitive -er.

Type IA - Generic Pattern

'aunt' Indef Sing Def Sing Indef Plur Def Plur
Nom tytta tyttañ tyttur tyttuñer
Ack tyttu tyttuña tyttur tyttuñer
Dat tyttu tyttuni tyttum tyttum
Gen tyttus tyttunis tyttumis tyttumis

Examples of nouns declined like tytta:

  • kjørkja ('church'),
  • kelda ('source, well'),
  • kessa ('child ski'),
  • grâkka [gro~`kkA] ('spruce tree'),
  • delta ('ski slope bump'),
  • bía [bi:`A] ('bee'),
  • rófa ('turnip'),
  • slunga ('female cousine'),
  • seiga ('land which is difficult to cultivate'),
  • jarga ('verdigris'),
  • kulla ('girl'),
  • gretla ('pasture land').


Type IB - Short Stem

'open channel
in ice'
Indef Sing Def Sing Indef Plur Def Plur
Nom gjølå gjølåñ gjølur gjøluñer
Ack gjølu gjøluña gjølur gjøluñer
Dat gjølu gjøluni gjølum gjørum
Gen gjølus gjølunis gjølumis gjølumis

Examples of nouns declined like gjølå:

  • snerå ('snare, trap'),
  • låðå ('barn'),
  • rennskitå ('diarrhea'),
  • flåkå ('thin plate'),
  • stugå ('cabin, cottage'),
  • rekå ('shovel'),
  • vikå ('week'),
  • troðå [trO'DO] ('pedal'),
  • linå ('rope, wire, line').


Type IC - Phonetically Complicated Stem Ending

'box' Indef Sing Def Sing Indef Plur Def Plur
Nom láðra [l\o:`DEr] láðrañ láðrur láðruñer
Ack láðru [l\o:`DEr] láðruña láðrur láðruñer
Dat láðru [l\o:`DEr] láðruni láðrum láðrum
Gen láðrus [l\o:`DEr'es] láðrunis láðrumis láðrumis

Examples of nouns declined like láðer:

  • sįgstra ('cockroach'),
  • kragna ('crown'),
  • jemna ('flat land'),
  • kvegla ('cone'),
  • blaðra ('rash'),
  • blóðigla ('leech').


Type IIA - Generic Pattern

'bride' Indef Sing Def Sing Indef Plur Def Plur
Nom brúði brúðiñ brúðer brúðañer
Ack brúði brúðiña brúðer brúðañer
Dat brúði brúðini [brAU:´ne] brúðum brúðum
Gen brúðis brúðinis [brAU:´nes] brúðumis brúðumis

Examples of nouns declined like brúði:

  • ermi ('sleeve'),
  • øfi ('river')



Type IIB - Apocopated Generic Pattern

'bog' Indef Sing Def Sing Indef Plur Def Plur
Nom mýri mýriñ mýrer mýrañer
Ack mýri mýriña mýrer mýrañer
Dat mýri mýrni mýrum mýrum
Gen mýris mýrnis mýrumis mýrumis

Examples of nouns declined like mýri:

  • byrði [b9:r`de] ('burden'),
  • øksi ('axe'),
  • rąysi [rE~:`se] ('cairn'),
  • hilli ('shelf'),
  • athǽfi ('gesture')
  • herði ('shoulder').





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