Dalecarlian verbs with soundchanges

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Verbs with soundchanges, are those verbs where the verb's stem's vowel change when being conjugated:

han al standa - han stand - han stóð - han hafr stendið,
(he will stand - he is standing - he stood - he has stood)

Depending on what the soundchange is, we divide the verbs in eight groups:

• Dalecarlian verbs with soundchanges group 1
  
• Dalecarlian verbs with soundchanges group 2
  
• Dalecarlian verbs with soundchanges group 3
  
• Dalecarlian verbs with soundchanges group 4
  
• Dalecarlian verbs with soundchanges group 5
  
• Dalecarlian verbs with soundchanges group 6
  
• Dalecarlian verbs with soundchanges group 7
  
• Dalecarlian verbs with soundchanges group 8<p>

We can say this as a main rule: Verbs with soundchanges have a singular present form which is the infinitive with the -a/-å ending removed, e.g.:

hálda - háld - hjalt [j{llt] - heldið (='to hold - holds - held - has held');
súga - súg - soug - sugið (='to suck - sucks - sucked - has sucked');
hágga - hágg - hjagg - heggið (='to chop - chops - chopped - has chopped');
dimba - dimb - damb - dumbið (='to smoke - smokes - smoked - has smoked' [about chimneys])

Typical exceptions:

finna - fið - fann - funnið (='to find - finds - found - has found');
sjâ - sér - ság - sétt (='to see - sees - saw - has seen');
kumå - kumb - kam - kumið (='to come - comes - came - has come') etc.

[fið and kumb instead of *finn and *kum, respectively, since in Late Viking age Dalecarlian, one had *finnR and *kumR, respectively. The nnR and mR became ðr and mbr in Early Old Dalecarlian and in Late Old Dalecarlian (or Early Modern Dalecarlian?), the -r ending was dropped since it doesn't affect the "accent". In Early Old Dalecarlian, the infinitive séa turned into siá, which later became sjâ. The -r is preserved in the present tense since the stem sé- ends with a vowel.]

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