Dalecarlian strongly conjugated feminine nouns
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Generic Declension Pattern
The strong feminine nouns generically follow the following declension pattern:
| Indef Sing | Def Sing | Indef Plur | Def Plur | |
| Nom | stem + | | stem + | + iñ | stem + er | stem + a + ñer |
| Ack | stem + | | stem + | + iña | stem + er | stem + a + ñer |
| Dat | stem + | | stem + | + ini | stem + um | stem + um+iñ |
| Gen | stem + | + is | stem + | + ini+s | stem + um + is | stem + um + i + s |
Type A - Generic Pattern
'bed' Indef Sing Def Sing Indef Plur Def Plur Nom seng sengiñ senger sengañer Ack seng sengiña senger sengañer Dat seng sengini sengum sengumiñ Gen sengis senginis sengumis sengumis Examples of nouns declined like seng:
- búð [bu:D] ('shed, shop'),
- ság ('saw'),
- hjáp ('help'),
- vegg ('wall'),
- kelling ('wife'),
- bjørk ('birch tree'),
- mják ('milk'),
- tang ('tongs'),
- tág ('stamina').
Type B - Apocopated Generic Pattern
'hollow' Indef Sing Def Sing Indef Plur Def Plur Nom lǽgð lǽgðiñ lǽgðer lǽgðañer Ack lǽgð lǽgðiña lǽgðer lǽgðañer Dat lǽgð lǽgðni lǽgðum lǽgðumiñ Gen lǽgðis lǽgðnis lǽgðumis lǽgðumis (Note: The stem lǽgð- is pronunced [l\{:gd])
Examples of nouns declined like lǽgð:
- ferð ('journey, track'),
- kvenn ('mill'),
- kvítl ('small river branch'),
- fljót ('bog'),
- beit ('bait'),
- bibl ('bible'),
- fjaðr ('feather'),
- áldr ('alder tree'),
- sokn ('parish').
Type C - Deviated Indefinite Nom/Ack Plural Ending Pattern
'pit, cavity' Indef Sing Def Sing Indef Plur Def Plur Nom graf grafiñ græfær græfañer Ack graf grafiña græfær græfañer Dat graf grafini grafum grafumiñ Gen grafis grafinis grafumis grafumis Examples of nouns declined like graf:
- saf ('sap'),
- rað ('row').
Type D - Apocopated Deviated Indefinite Nom/Ack Plural Ending Pattern
'bread plate' Indef Sing Def Sing Indef Plur Def Plur Nom fjøl fjøliñ fjøler fjølañer Ack fjøl fjøliña fjøler fjølañer Dat fjøl fjølni fjølum fjølumiñ Gen fjølis fjølnis fjølumis fjølumis Examples of nouns declined like fjøl:
- grán ('spruce tree'),
- tjør ('tar'),
- fór ('furrow').
Type E - Vowel Stem Ending
'stream' Indef Sing Def Sing Indef Plur Def Plur Nom á ániñ áer áañer Ack á ániña áer áañer Dat á áni áum áumiñ Gen ás ánis áumis áumis Examples of nouns declined like á:
- rá ('corner'),
- brú [bru:] ('bridge'),
- frú [fru:] ('wife'),
- skrá ('sheet metal'),
- ay ('island').
Type F - Vowel Stem Ending; Deviated Plural Endings
'claw' Indef Sing Def Sing Indef Plur Def Plur Nom kló klóniñ klǿner klǿnañer Ack kló klóniña klǿner klǿnañer Dat kló klóni [kl\UO:´nne] klǿm [kl\y9:mm] klǿmiñ [kl\y9:´mme] Gen klós klónis [kl\UO:´nnes] klǿmis [kl\y9:´mmes] klǿmis [kl\y9:´mmes] (Note: There is an i-umlaut of the stem vowel here: ó > ǿ, i.e. "long o" > "long ø". This has nothing to do with the classification used here, though.)
Examples of nouns declined like kló:
- tá ('tow').
(Note: Even though kýr [tSy:r] ('cow') does not end with a vowel, it declines like kló, tá etc.)
Type G - Miscellaneous
'daughter' Indef Sing Def Sing Indef Plur Def Plur Nom dóttir dóttir dǿtrr dǿtrañer Ack dóttir dóttir dǿtrr dǿtrañer Dat dóttir dóttir dǿtrum dǿtrumiñ Gen dóttiris dóttiris dǿtrumis dǿtrumis (Note: There is an i-umlaut of the stem vowel here: ó > ǿ, i.e. "long o" > "long ø". This has nothing to do with the classification used here, though.)
Examples of nouns declined like dóttir:
- systir ('sister'),
- móðir ('mother').
