Dalecarlian prepositions controlling accusative and dative

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The preposition most often controls accusative, when speaking of a movement from one place to another or changed environments, and the same preposition controls dative, when staying

at the same place or unchanged environments.

eftir [Ett`er] ('after')

  • Accusative in context of time: Kamum eftir fjóra tíma, ('We arrived after four hours')
  • Accusative in context of order: Kalln kýtti eftir kellingiña, ('The man ran after the woman [first her, then him]')
  • Dative in other contetxs: Kalln kýtti eftir kellingini, ('The man ran after the woman [to reach her]')<p>
fyri [fI'rI] ('before, in front of [to hinder]')
  • Accusative in context of time: Vafu fyri jóliña, ('They wove before christmas')
  • Accusative in context of order: Kalln kýtti fyri kellingiña, ('The man ran before the woman [first him, then her]')
  • Dative in other contetxs: Kalln stóð fyri kellingini, ('The man stood infront of the woman [to hinder her]')<p>
fyr ['f9:r] ('for, in front of')
  • Accusative in context of time: Arvið dó fyr nogra dågå seðeñ, ('Arvid died some days ago')
  • Accusative in context of replacing: Hafum kjøpt klukkuña fyr fýrhundrað krónur ('We have bought the clock for four hundred crowns')
  • Dative in other contexts: Seg itt åf fyr hánum!, ('Don't tell him!')<p>
â ('on, onto, in')
  • Most often dative in context of time: Heð ir mikið varmt â sumbriñum, ('It is very warm in the summer')
  • Sometimes accusative in context of time: Framtir â eftirmiðdagin vart heð káldera, ('A little later in the afternoon it became colder')
  • Accusative when speaking of movement: Steigu â bátn, ('They stepped onto the boat')
  • Dative when staying at the same place: Hvenn hafið â bórðiñu?, ('What do you (pl.) have on the table?')<p>
undir ('under')
  • Accusative when speaking of movement: Inger mýsr kroupu inn undir haymóðiña, ('No mice crawled in under the hay waste')
  • Dative when staying at the same place: Han steikti sig undir sólni, ('He basked under the sun')<p>
yfir [y'vyr] ('over')
  • Accusative when speaking of movement: Spjatin fouk yfir himiln, ('The piece of cloth whirled over the sky')
  • Dative when staying at the same place: Tunglið hengði yfir einnera ôkunnugera munmun, ('The moon hung over an unknown grandmother')<p>
min ('with, by')
  • Accusative in context of transportation of something: Ig al út min rakkan, ('I am going out with the dog')
  • Dative in context of manipulation with an instrument: Rítti dalrúnum min einum knífi, ('They wrote Dalecarlian runes with a knife')
  • Dative in other contexts: Heð hengir íhóp min állu, ('It is connected with everything')



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