Dalecarlian demonstrative pronouns
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The demonstrative pronouns are used, when pointing on something:
han (= that, [the]),
þan-þar (= that),
hisin (= this),
hisin-hjar (= this),
summu (= the same),
sjóf (= myself, yourself, himself, herself, itself, oneself),
sjófi, sjófin (= myself etc. in person),
slík (= like this, like that; such)
Note that þan-þar and hisin-hjar are somewhat stronger or more accurate than
han and hisin, respectively.The pronoun han is declined in the way:<p>
| Singular | Masc. | Fem. | Neut. |
|---|---|---|---|
| Nom | han | hoñ | heð |
| Acc | han | hána | heð |
| Dat | honum | henner | þ[oslash´] |
| Gen | honumis | henneris | - |
| Plural | |||
| Nom | þeir | þeir | þeir |
| Acc | þeim | þeim | þeim |
| Dat | þeim | þeim | þeim |
| Gen | þeirasis | þeirasis | þeirasis |
<p> The pronoun þan-þar is declined in this way:<p>
| Singular | Masc. | Fem. | Neut. |
|---|---|---|---|
| Nom | þan-þar | þâ-þar | heð-þar |
| Acc | þan-þar | þâ-þar | heð-þar |
| Dat | þeim-þar | þ[oslash´]-þar | þ[oslash´]-þar |
| Gen | þeim-þaris | þ[oslash´]-þaris | - |
| Plural | |||
| Nom | þeir-þar | þeir-þar | þeir-þar |
| Acc | þeim-þar | þeim-þar | þeim-þar |
| Dat | þeim-þar | þeim-þar | þeim-þar |
| Gen | þeim-þaris | þeim-þaris | þeim-þaris |
<p> The pronoun hisin is declined in the following manner:<p>
| Singular | Masc. | Fem. | Neut. |
|---|---|---|---|
| Nom | hisin | hisuñ | hittað |
| Acc | hisan | hissa | hittað |
| Dat | hisum | hisser | hissu |
| Gen | hisumis | hisseris | - |
| Plural | |||
| Nom | hisser | hisser | hissuñ |
| Acc | hissa | hisser | hissuñ |
| Dat | hisum | hisum | hisum |
| Gen | hisumis | hisumis | hisumis |
<p> The pronoun hisin-hjar is declined in the manner:<p>
| Singular | Masc. | Fem. | Neut. |
|---|---|---|---|
| Nom | hisin-hjar | hisuñ-hjar | hittað-hjar |
| Acc | hisan-hjar | hissa-hjar [iss´j{:r] | hittað-hjar |
| Dat | hisum-hjar | hisser-hjar [iss´j{:r] | hissu-hjar [iss´j{:r] |
| Gen | hisum-hjaris | hisser-hjaris [iss´j{:r'es] | - |
| Plural | |||
| Nom | hisser-hjar [iss´j{:r] | hisser-hjar [iss´j{:r] | hissuñ-hjar |
| Acc | hissa-hjar [iss´j{:r] | hisser-hjar [iss´j{:r] | hissuñ-hjar |
| Dat | hisum-hjar | hisum-hjar | hisum-hjar |
| Gen | hisum-hjaris | hisum-hjaris | hisum-hjaris |
<p> The pronoun summu is not declined.<p> The pronoun sjóf is declined in the way:<p>
| Singular | Masc. | Fem. | Neut. |
|---|---|---|---|
| Nom | (sjóf) | (sjóf) | (sjóft) |
| Acc | (sjófan) | (sjófa) | (sjóft) |
| Dat | sjófum | (sjófer) | (sjófu) |
| Gen | (sjófumis) | (sjóferis) | - |
| Plural | |||
| Nom | sjófer | sjófer | (sjófuñ) |
| Acc | sjófa | sjófer | (sjófuñ) |
| Dat | sjófum | sjófum | (sjófum) |
| Gen | (sjófumis) | (sjófumis) | (sjófumis) |
<p> The pronoun sjófi is declined like a weak adjective, i.e.:<p>
| Singular | Masc. | Fem. | Neut. |
|---|---|---|---|
| Nom | sjófi | sjófa | sjófa |
| Acc | sjófa | sjófu | sjófa |
| Dat | sjófa | sjófu | sjófa |
| Plural | |||
| Nom | sjófa | sjófu | sjófu |
| Acc | sjófa | sjófu | sjófu |
| Dat | sjófum | sjófum | sjófum |
<p>
Note that there is no genitive for sjófi and that it can be put in independent form
just as for weak adjectives by adding the definite article (i.e. sjófin).
A funny detail: Sjófin (lit. "Himself in person") may mean 'Satan' or 'the chief/boss/manager' (!).<p>
The pronoun slík is declined like a strong adjective, i.e.:<p>
| Singular | Masc. | Fem. | Neut. |
|---|---|---|---|
| Nom | slík | slík | slíkt |
| Acc | slíkan | slíka | slíkt |
| Dat | slíkum | slíkera | slíku |
| Plural | |||
| Nom | slíker | slíker | slíkuñ |
| Acc | slíka | slíker | slíkuñ |
| Dat | slíkum | slíkum | slíkum |
<p> Note that there is no genitive for slík.
