Catalan verbs
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languages >> Italic languages >> Catalan >> Catalan grammar
Regular Verbs
Example of a regular AR verb: cantar = to sing
| present | future | conditional | imperfect | perfect | undefined | subjunctive | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1st sg | canto | cantaré | cantaria | cantava | vaig cantar | he cantat | canti |
| 2nd sg | cantes | cantaràs | cantaries | cantaves | vas cantar | has cantat | cantis |
| 3rd sg | canta | cantarà | cantaria | cantava | va cantar | ha cantat | canti |
| 1st pl | cantem | cantarem | cantaríem | cantàvem | vam/vàrem cantar | hem cantat | cantem |
| 2nd pl | canteu | cantareu | cantaríeu | cantàveu | vau/vàreu cantar | heu cantat | canteu |
| 3rd pl | canten | cantaran | cantarien | cantaven | van/varen cantar | han cantat | cantin |
AR Verbs are the most common of all verbs comprising 85% of all Catalan verbs. Anar and estar are the only 2 irregular verbs in this conjugation.
Example of a regular ER verb: perdre = to lose
| present | future | conditional | imperfect | perfect | undefined | subjunctive | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1st sg | perdo | perdré | perdria | perdia | vaig perdre | he perdut | perdi |
| 2nd sg | perds | perdràs | perdries | perdies | vas perdre | has perdut | perdis |
| 3rd sg | perd | perdrà | perdria | perdia | va perdre | ha perdut | perdi |
| 1st pl | perdem | perdrem | perdríem | perdíem | vam/vàrem perdre | hem perdut | perdem |
| 2nd pl | perdeu | perdreu | perdríeu | perdíeu | vau/vàreu perdre | heu perdut | perdeu |
| 3rd pl | perden | perdran | perdrien | perdien | van/varen perdre | han perdut | perdin |
Unfortunately, most -ER, -RE, -R verbs are irregular. Fortunately, they only compose only of 5% of all Catalan verbs.
Example of a regular IR verb: dormir = to sleep
| present | future | conditional | imperfect | perfect | undefined | subjunctive | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1st sg | dormo | dormiré | dormiria | dormia | vaig dormir | he dormit | dormi |
| 2nd sg | dorms | dormiràs | dormiries | dormies | vas dormir | has dormit | dormis |
| 3rd sg | dorm | dormirà | dormiria | dormia | va dormir | ha dormit | dormi |
| 1st pl | dormim | dormirem | dormiríem | dormíem | vam/vàrem dormir | hem dormit | dormim |
| 2nd pl | dormiu | dormireu | dormiríeu | dormíeu | vau/vàreu dormir | heu dormit | dormiu |
| 3rd pl | dormen | dormiran | dormirien | dormien | van/varen dormir | han dormit | dormin |
IR verbs compose the final 10% of Catalan verbs. There are 2 classes of IR verbs, the inchoative and non-inchoative (the one shown above). Inchoative verbs like patir, to suffer, add the infix -eix- between the stem and the ending of IR verbs in the present and subjunctive of all persons except the first and second plurals. All other tenses are conjugated as normal non-inchoative verbs.
So patir, to suffer, is conjugated as folows...
| present | subjunctive | |
|---|---|---|
| 1st sg | pateixo | pateixi |
| 2nd sg | pateixes | pateixis |
| 3rd sg | pateix | pateixi |
| 1st pl | patim | patim |
| 2nd pl | patiu | patiu |
| 3rd pl | pateixen | pateixin |
see also Catalan irregular verbs
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