Bulgarian grammar: Noun
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Bulgarian nouns have three genders (masculine, feminine and neuter), much like Russian and German. There are no case declensions. Definite article is suffixed to each word, as in the Nordic languages. It is easier to guess the gender of an unknown Bulgarian word than of a German one.
- words ending on a consonant are masculine
- words ending on ‘-а’ are feminine (exceptions: баща, войвода)
- words ending on ‘-ст’ and some words ending on ‘-т’ are feminine
- words ending on ‘-е’ and ‘-о’ are neuter
Plural:
Masculine nouns (купон, дом) have two plural forms — regular plural and a special countable plural to be used after a numeral and the adverbs колко (how many), няколко (a few, several), толкова (so/this/that many). All other nouns have only one plural form. Masculine nouns denoting persons (войник, писател) do not have countable plurals in the standard language but such forms can be heard in the spoken language.
Plural is formed by adding different suffixes or by changing the final vowel of the word. The definite article is suffixed after the plural suffix.
| Gender/Forms | Masculine | Feminine | Neuter |
|---|---|---|---|
| Singular, no definite article | купон | жена | момче |
| Singular, with definite article | купонът | жената | момчето |
| Plural, no definite article | купони | жени | момчета |
| Plural, with definite article | купоните | жените | момчетата |
| Countable plural | купона | NA | NA |
The masculine nouns мъж (man) and човек (human, person) have irregular plurals:
| Singular | мъж | човек | Plural | мъже | хора (човеци, люде) |
| Countable plural | NA | души/човека |
To be completed...
