Avar verbs
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Avar verbs do not conjugate according to person, so one form is used for all persons in a given simple tense:
Мун кив цIалана? Where did you study?
Дов кив цIалана? Where did he study?
Дун университеталда цIалана. I studied in university.
Some verbs, however, incorporate a noun classifier, and this changes in accord with its subject or object:
Вас вачIана. The boy came.
Яс йачIана. The girl came.
Чу бачIана. The horse came.
Avar has a wealth of participial forms and converbs, and these usually end in a noun classifier:
ТIехь босарав чи The man who took the book (literally: book tak-en man; б- refers to the neuter book)
ТIахьал росарав чи The man who took the books (р- for the plural "books")
ТIехь босарай чIужу The woman who took the book
Infinitive
The infinitive can end in -изе, -езе, -у(й)зе, азе, -ин(з)е, -вен(з)е, or -везе, but the most common ending by far is -изе:
цIализе to read, study
Verbs ending in -ин(з)е or -вен(з)е belong to the so-called "archaic" conjugation, all others belonging to what is called the "live" conjugation.
The verbs of the archaic conjugation are relatively small in number, and can also use live conjugation - бачIине "to come" can also be encountered as бачIизе or бачIинзе. So the live conjugation can in theory be used for all verbs (in fact in some dialects the archaic conjugation has disappeared completely).
Live conjugation of verbs
There are three simple tenses:
Present (aorist): цIалула he reads
Future: цIалила he will read
Past: цIалана he read
Avar has no separate word for negation, so this must be incorporated into the verb:
Present: цIалуларо
Future: цIалиларо
Past: цIаличIо
These tenses have their corresponding participial affirmative forms:
Present: цIалулеб
Future: цIалилеб
Past: цIалараб
The -б at the end is of course the neuter noun classifier.
The present participle, together with the verb "to be", becomes the present continuous tense:
цIалулев вуго "I/you/he is reading"
Negative forms:
Present: цIалулареб
Future: цIалилареб
Past: цIаличIеб
Adverbial participle: цIалун "having read". This is used to form the past perfect tense:
цIалун вуго "I/you/he has read"
