Kazakh Lesson 3

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Жаңа сөздер - new words

Менің - my Менде - on/in me (also "I have")
Сенің - your Сенде - on/in you
Оның - his/her - Онда - on/in him/her
Оларың - their - Оларда - on/in them
Сіздің - your (pl.) - Сізде on/in you (pl.)
Біздің - our - Бізде - on/in us
Бар - 1. there is 2. come (imp.)
Жоқ - 1. there isn't
Отыр - 1. sit down (imp.) 2. he/they sit down
Жатыр - he/they sit
Тұр 1. stand up (imp.) 2. he stands
Жүр - 1. he/they go 2. Let's go (imp.)

In Kazakh there is no grammatical gender. The gender of words is determined by context.

Аударыңыз, сұрақтар қойыңыз. Translate, turn into questions.
His family is not big. Ol' has a brother. Kanat has a little sister. I have a sister. I have a little brother. His name is Almat.

Зат есім - The noun in Kazakh answers the questions who-кім? what-не?, changes according to case, number, possessive, and some have personal endings. In sentences it is usually the subject, a direct/indirect object, or an adverb.

Тәуелдік жалғау - Possessive form

There are two ways to show possession:

1. using possessive suffixes:

If the root ends in a consonant, then the endings are -ым/-ім, -ың/ің, -ы/-і.
мысалы:
1st person: карындас - карындас+ым, келін - келін+ім (my sister/sister-in-law)
2nd person: карындас+ың, келін+ің
3rd person: карындас+ы, келін+і

The polite 2nd person form is -ыңыз/-іңіз.

If the word ends in a vowel, the endings are -м, -ң, =сы/сі; -ңыз/-ңіз.
әже - менің әже+м (my grandmother); сенің әже+ң; оның әжесі; сіздің әжеңіз.