German verbs (dialect case study)
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To see how each letter is pronounced in this case study, cf. German dialect case study spelling.
Here you can see the conjugation patterns of regular and irregular German verbs. To learn when the different tenses are used, please refer to German tenses. Mood is explained on the page about the German subjunctive.
There are two verb classes in Rhine Franconian: Verbs ending in N and verbs ending in E. Here's the conjugation of the four regular verbs gehn (gehen, to go), hann (haben, to have), mache (machen/tun, to do) and frooe (fragen, to ask):
| gehn | hann | mache | frooe | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1st sg | isch gehn | isch hann | isch mach | isch froo |
| 2nd sg | duu gehsch(d) | duu hasch(d) | duu machsch(d) | duu froosch(d) |
| 3rd sg | à/es gehd | à/es hadd | à/es machd | à/es frod |
| 1st pl | mir gehn | mir hann | mir mache | mir frooe |
| 2nd pl | ir gehn | ir hann | ir mache | ir frooe |
| 3rd pl | se gehn | se hann | se mache | se frooe |
Verbs are not umlauted in present tense, as the conjugation of lafe (laufen, to run) shows:
isch laf, duu laafsch(d), à/es laafd, mir lafe, ir lafe, se lafe
As in Colloquial German, pronouns merge with verbs when they follow them:
| gehn | hann | mache | frooe | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1st sg | gehnisch | hannisch | machisch | frooisch |
| 2nd sg | gehschde | haschde | machschde | frooschde |
| 3rd sg m | gehdà | haddà | machdà | frodà |
| 3rd sg n | gehds | hadds | machds | froods |
| 1st pl | gehmà | hammà | machemà | frooemà |
| 2nd pl | gehnà | hannà | machenà | frooenà |
| 3rd pl | gehnse | hannse | machese | frooese |
The same happens when a pronoun follows a conjunction.
Note that all of those words are stressed on the first syllable, so the letter E is pronounced as a schwa (except in the EH combination).
The auxiliary sinn (sein, to be) is completely irregular:
- present: isch sinn, duu bisch(d), à/es iss, mir sinn, ir sinn, se sinn
- past tense: isch war, duu warsch(d), à/es war, mir ware, ir ware, se ware
- past participle: gewehn (perfect formed with the auxiliary sinn)
- imperative: sai!, simmà!, saien!, saiese!
- conditional: isch ver, duu versch(d), à/es ver, mir vere, ir vere, se vere
Note that the passive voice uses the auxiliary genn!
And now a few irregular verbs:
- blaive - es blaivd, es iss gebliv (bleiben, to stay)
- bringe - à bringd, à hadd gebrung (bringen, to bring)
- brode - à brod, à hadd gebrod (braten, to fry)
- denke - es denkd, es hadd gedenkd (denken, to think)
- dirfe - à derf, à hadd gedurfd, conditional à dirfd (dürfen, to be allowed to)
- esse - es esd, es hadd gess (essen, to eat)
- fàgesse - es fàgesd, es hadd fàgess (vergessen, to forget)
- flieë - à flied, à iss gefloo (fliegen, to fly)
- gehn - à gehd, à iss gang (gehen, to go)
- genn - es gebd, es iss genn (werden, to become)
- genn - es gebd, es hadd gebb (geben, to give)
- haische - es haischd, es hadd gehiesch (heißen, to be named)
- halle - es hald, es hadd gehall (halten, to hold)
- holle - à hold, à hadd geholl (nehmen/holen, to take/get)
- hugge - à hugd, à hadd gehugd (sitzen, to sit)
- kenne - es kend, es hat gekand (kennen, to know/be acquainted with)
- kenne - es kann, es hat gekond (können, to be able to)
- lieë - à lid, à hadd geloo (lügen, to lie)
- misse - es muss, es hadd gemusd, conditional es misd (müssen, to have to do something)
- schraive - es schreivd, es hadd geschriv (schreiben, to write)
- schvetze - es schvezd, es hadd geschvezd (sprechen/reden, to speak/talk)
- sin - à sid, à hadd gesin (sehen, to see)
- tabbe - es tabd, es hadd/iss getabt (treten/gehen, to kick/walk)
- tran - es trad, es hadd getraa (tragen, to carry)
- vaise - es vaisd, es hadd gevis (zeigen, to show)
- vesche - à veschd, à hadd geveschd (waschen, to wash)
- visse - à ves, à hadd gevusd (wissen, to know)
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