German prepositions (time)
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straightforward translations
- ago = VOR + dative (vor 2 Jahren = 2 years ago)
- during = WÄHREND + genitive
exact time or date
- hour: UM
- um 2 Uhr, morgen Abend um acht = at 2 o'clock, tomorrow night at eight
- time of the day: AM (= an + dem)
- am Morgen/Abend, am Mittag = in the morning/evening, at noon
- but: um Mitternacht, in der Nacht = at midnight, in the night
- date: AN + dative
- am 19. April, an Silvester = on April 19th, on New Year's Eve
- month: IN + dative
- im nächsten April, im Februar 1983 = next April, in February 1983
- year: no preposition
- 2015 = in 2015
- complex alternative: "im Jahr(e)", e.g. im Jahr(e) 2015 = in 2015
approximate time or date
- hour or time of the day: GEGEN
- gegen 2 Uhr, gegen Mittag/Mitternacht, gegen Abend = around 2 o'clock, around noon/midnight around the evening
- date: UM + dative
- um den 19. April, um Silvester = around April 19th, around New Year's
period of time
- beginning of a period (in the past): SEIT + dative
- Ich wohne seit zwei Jahren in Österreich. = I've lived in Austria for two years.
- beginning of a period (in the present or future): AB + dative
- Ich bin ab Montag nicht zu Hause. = I won't be at home from Monday onwards.
- during the period: WÄHREND + genitive
- Während der Vorstellung aßen wir Popcorn. = We ate popcorn during the presentation
- end of a period: BIS (ZU) + dative
- Wir bleiben bis zum 7. Februar / bis August / bis zum Schluss. = We'll stay until February 7th / until August / until the end.
- beginning and end mentioned in one sentence: VON ... BIS (both with dative)
- von acht bis neun Uhr = from 8 to 9 o'clock
- valid for the whole period: FÜR + accusative
- Der Ausweis gilt für 5 Jahre. = The ID card is valid for 5 years.
other relations
- before something else: VOR + dative
- Vor 8 Uhr schlafe ich noch. = I still sleep before 8 o'clock.
- Vor dem Schlafengehen Zähneputzen nicht vergessen! = Don't forget to brush your teeth before going to bed.
- after (or "not before") something else: NACH + dative
- Ich stehe erst nach 8 Uhr auf. = I don't get up before 8 o'clock.
- Nach dem Zähneputzen gehe ich ins Bett. = I go to bed after brushing my teeth.
- at the same time: BEI + dative
- Bei Abfahrt des Zuges standen wir noch im Stau. = We were still in the traffic jam when the train departed.
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