German causative verbs
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Like Swedish, German distinguishes between active and causative verbs.
Active verbs describe the action from the subject's point of view: The house is burning / I am sitting on the tree
Causative verbs describe the action from the point of view of the one who is causing it: John burns the house / Mary sets her little brother on the tree
For the difference between the active verbs hängen (hang), liegen (lie), sitzen (sit), stehen (stand) and the causative verbs hängen, legen, setzen, stellen (put), see German 'to put'.
| ACTIVE | CAUSATIVE | |
|---|---|---|
brennen = to burn
Das Buch brennt = The book is burning |
verbrennen = to burn something
Dieter verbrennt das Buch = Dieter burns the book |
|
fallen = to fall
Tina fiel von der Leiter = Tina fell off the ladder |
fällen = to fell [a tree]
Bernd fällte einem Baum = Bernard felled a tree |
|
fallen lassen = to drop
Christoph ließ seinen Stift fallen = Christopher dropped his pen |
||
lernen = to learn
Stefan lernt das Einmaleins = Steven learns the times table |
lehren = to teach
Gabi lehrt an einer Grundschule = Gaby teaches at a primary school |
|
versinken = to sink
Das Schiff versinkt = The ship is sinking |
versenken = to sink [a ship]
Verena versenkt das Schiff = Verena sinks the ship |
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