Dutch grammar

• Nouns
• Pronouns
• Verbs
• Adjectives

Nouns
Nouns are words that represent entities (objects, people, animals or abstract things).

Genders of nouns
In Dutch, as opposed to English, nouns have genders. They are either masculine (m), feminine (v) or neuter (o). All nouns can be preceded by an article. Dutch has only three different articles, one indefinite article for all genders and two definite articles for (m/v) and (o). You can see them in the following table:

een: indefinite article for all genders, singular only;
de: definite article for (m/v) singular and all plurals;
het: definite article for (o) nouns, singular only

See also Grammatical gender in Dutch

plurals of nouns
The plural of most nouns is formed by adding -en or -s to the singular form.
boek (boeken), huis (huizen), pen (pennen)
radio (radio's), ritme (ritmes), komma (komma's)
Note that all singular nouns ending on any vowel except an 'e' (a, i, o, u) get an apostrophe (') before the -s in their plural form.

Some nouns can have either of these plurals.
fase (fases/fasen)

Some nouns of Latin origin keep their Latin plural.
musicus (musici), museum (musea), doctorandus (doctorandi)

Other nouns have an irregular plural.
kind (kinderen), volk (volkeren), schip (schepen)

Some nouns only exist as a plural
hersenen, mazelen

Other nouns only exist as a singular
logica, haat