Some texts to compare the various forms of the Greek language

From UniLang Wiki

The Greek language is one of the oldest European languages. Texts in Greek are dated back to 1400 BC and it is certain that it was spoken even before that. Possibly Greek was formed at around 2000 BC. So it is normal for a language used for millennia to be developped and changed during the various historical periods. The Greek language has many varieties like the Mycenaean (around 1400 BC) the Classical (from 800 to 300 BC), the Hellenistic (from 300 BC to 400 AD), the Byzantine or Medieval (till 1500 AD) and the modern which started to be formed after the Turkish occupation and till nowadays. After the formation of the modern Greek state in 1830 AD, an artificial form of the language, katharevousa, was declared as the official one. It was something between ancient and modern Greek. Although its conribution to the enrichment of the modern vocabulary is huge, katharevousa was banned from any use in 1974 and was never used since then. Besides it failed to become the language of the daily talk. Today it can be found in old texts. Also many poets writed in katharevousa. So today only the form known as "demotiki" is spoken and written in Greece. It is the language of the daily talk as well as the official language of the State. All texts below that I give as "Modern Greek translations" or "Standard Greek equivalents" are in demotiki.
The Greek language was always divided into dialects, in both the ancient, the medieval and the modern era. Today Greek dialects are coming closer to Standard Greek and most of them are mutually intelligible. Only Black Sea, the Tsakonian (which is a descendant of the ancient Doric dialect), and Cyprus Greek can be difficult to be understood for the rest of the Greeks as well as the dialects of the Greeks living in S. Italy, Ucraine, Georgia etc which are considered creole languages since they have borrowed many elements from the dominating languages of these countries. Other modern Greek dialects include the Cretan, the northern and others. All of them maintain words and grammatical points from the ancient Greek, so it is hard to say which ancient word is now dead since it can be still in use in different parts of Greece.
Here you can find texts in ancient (classical) Greek, ancient dialects, katharevousa and also some modern dialects.


Languages spoken before the Mycenaeans. Most of the archaeologists and linguists believe that in Greece many languages were spoken before the Mycenaeans, and it is possible that they were not Hindoeuropean or Semitic. The inscriptions found, written with hieroglyphics or Linear A script is thought that they don't represent the Greek language, but an unknown one. There are some scientists though who think that the language could be Greek.

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